导航菜单

Faculty

Personal profile

Yun-tian Wu
Professor, Ph.D, P.E. (CA,USA)
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
Email: yuntianw@cqu.edu.cn


Education
PH.D. 12/2008,    University of Southern California
M.S.   05/2005,      University of Southern California
B.S.    07/2001,       Hunan University

Career Details
09/2017~current          Professor                              Chongqing University
09/2010~08/2017        Associate Professor             Chongqing University
06/2008~08/2010       Senior Project Engineer       Saiful/Bouquet Structural Engineers, Inc.

In addition to academic work, Dr. Wu is also an active practicing engineer and collaborator providing professional consulting services and leadership to industry.

License and Membership
Professional Engineer in Civil Engineering, California (C72484), since 2007
Member of American Society of Civil Engineers, since 2008
Member of China Civil Engineering Society, since 2012

Research interests
Design analysis and evaluation of reinforced concrete, steel, timber and composite structural systems;
Municipal structures and facilities, including highway bridges and underground utility tunnels;
Nonlinear analysis and simulation with advanced numerical methods;
Construction technologies and innovations

Research Projects
Highlight Funded Projects as Principal Investigator:
[1] 2020-2023, National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Multi seismic fortification lines and coupling mechanism control of steel side column-RC Shear wall hybrid structures”,Contract No. 51978101;
[2] 2017-2021, Director of Joint R&D Center of Baohui Steel Construction Inc. and Chongqing University;
[3] 2016-2019, National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Dual seismic fortification mechanism of steel plate reinforced composite coupled wall and performance control for strong earthquake”,Contract No. 51578090;
[4] 2016-2019, Ministry of Science and Technology of China,“Vibration control technologies for existing industrial structures”,Contract No. 2016YFC0701302;
[5] 2016-2019, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, “Behavior of deformation joints of reinforced concrete utility tunnel subjected to multi-level hazardous events”, Contract No. 2016YFC0802405-01
[6] 2015-2018,Science and Technology Commission of Chongqing,“Influence of underground railway system on life cycle safety and response of super high-rise buildings”,Contract No.  CSTC2015JCYJYS30003.
[7] 2012-2015, National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Seismic performance of hybrid coupled composite structural walls in super high-rise buildings”,Contract No. 51108484;

Latest Publications
Books
[1] Yeong-Bin Yang, Judy P. Yang, Bin Zhang and Yuntian Wu. Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019.
[2] Yeong-Bin Yang, Yuntian Wu, Tengfei Han and Liu Chen. Industrial Buildings: Vibration Control Technologies and Applications. Science Press, 2019, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)
[3] Yuntian Wu, Yeong-Bin Yang and Chao Hou. Seismic Design and Construction of Coupled Composite Structural Walls. Science Press, 2019, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)

Published Peer-reviewed Journal Papers
[1] Haoyuan Dong; Yuntian Wu; Yuanqing Zhao; Jun Liu. Behavior of deformation joints of RC utility tunnels considering multi-hazard conditions. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, 2022, e01522.  
[2] Xiyue Chen, Yuntian Wu, Mingsong Zhong, Yeong-bin Yang, Zhilu Wang. Seismic collapse safety of 3D steel moment frames supported on two ground levels. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2022, Vol.22, 2240018.
[3] Y.B. Yang, Hao Xu, Z.L. Wang, K. Shi, Y.T. Wu. Refined detection technique for bridge frequencies using rocking motion of single-axle moving vehicle. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2022, Vol. 162, 107992.
[4] Bo Zhang, Yuntian Wu, Qing Zhou, Jiulin Bai, Yeong-bin Yang. Energy-balance based plastic design and analysis of hybrid coupled wall system. Structures, 2021, 33: 4096-4111.
[5] H.Xu, C.C.Huang, Z.L.Wang, K.Shi, Y.T.Wu, Y.B.Yang. Damped test vehicle for scanning bridge frequencies: Theory, simulation and experiment. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 506: 116155.
[6] Y.B. Yang, Anquan Chen, Song He, Yuntian Wu. Rational nonlinear analysis of framed structures and curved beams considering joint equilibrium in deformed state. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 2020, 125(4): 103538.
[7] Y.B. Yang, Y.Z. Liu, Yuntian Wu. Invariant isogeometric formulations for three-dimensional Kirchhoff rods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2020, 365: 112996.
[8] Yuntian Wu, Bin Wang, Yeong-Bin Yang, Junjie Fu. Nonlinear optimization for geometric parameters of RC coupled walls. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019, 23(10): 4339-4353.
[9] Yuntian Wu, Daoyang Kang, Long Gao, Yiting Su and Yeong-bin Yang. Seismic Behavior of Bolted Endplate Connection Between Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) Wall and SRC Beam for Use in High-Rise Buildings. International Journal of Civil Engineering, November 2018, Volume 16, Issue 11, pp 1561–1572.
[10] Yuntian Wu, Junjie Fu, Qing Zhou, Tianqing Lan and Yeong-Bin Yang. Seismic Performance of Endplate Connections between Steel Reinforced Concrete Walls and Steel Beams, Structural Engineering International, Vol. 28, 2018, pp 208-217.
[11] Yun-Tian Wu, Qing Zhou, Bin Wang, Yeong-Bin Yang and Tian-Qing Lan. Seismic collapse safety of high-rise RC moment frames supported on two ground levels, Earthquakes and Structures, Volume 14, Number 4, April 2018, pages 349-360.
[12] Hao Huang, Yuntian Wu, Zewei Sun, Zhao Li, Zhixiong Chen. Seismic Behavior of Chuan-Dou Type Timber Frames. Engineering Structures, Vol. 167, 2018, Pages 725-739.
[13] Y. B. Yang, Mei Li, Bin Zhang, Yuntian Wu and Judy P. Yang. Resonance and Cancellation in Torsional Vibration of Monosymmetric I-Sections Under Moving Loads, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, Vol. 18, No. 9 (2018) (21 pages).
[14] Bin Zhang, Yao Qian, Yuntian Wu, Yeong-Bin Yang. An effective means for damage detection of bridges using the contact-point response of a moving test vehicle. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 419 (2018): 158-172.
[15] Y.B. Yang, Bin Zhang, Yao Qian, Yuntian Wu. Further Revelation on Damage Detection by IAS Computed from the Contact-Point Response of a Moving Vehicle. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2018, 18(11), 1850137.
[16] Y.B. Yang, Bin Zhang, Yao Qian, Yuntian Wu. Contact-Point Response for Modal Identification of Bridges by a Moving Test Vehicle. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2018, 18(05): 1850073.
[17] Yuntian Wu, Jie Zhang, Yeong-bin Yang, Peng Ye and Yan Xiao. Seismic performance of reinforced concrete squat walls with embedded cold-formed and thin walled steel truss. Engineering Structures, Vol. 132, Feb. 2017, Pages 714–732.
[18] Yeong-Bin Yang, Xujie Liang, Hsiao Hui Hung and Yuntian Wu. Comparative study of 2D and 2.5D responses of long underground tunnels to moving train loads. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 97: 86-100.
[19] Yuntian Wu; Wei Yang; Yan Xiao. Seismic behavior of high strength concrete composite walls with embedded steel truss. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2016, 118:180-193.
[20] Yuntian Wu; Yushan Fu; Chongmin Dai. Seismic behavior of RC beam to partially steel tubed concrete column joints under high axial load and cyclic loading. International Journal Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2016, 16(1): 16pp.
[21] Yun-tian Wu, Dao-yang Kang, Yeong-Bin Yang. Seismic performance of steel and concrete composite shear walls with embedded steel truss for use in high-rise buildings. Engineering Structures, Volume 125, 15 October 2016, Pages 39-53.
[22] Yun-tian Wu, Dao-yang Kang, Yi-ting Su and Yeong-bin Yang. Seismic behavior of composite walls with encased steel truss. Steel and Composite Structures, An Int'l Journal, Vol. 22 No. 2, 2016.
[23] Hong Yang; Yuntian Wu; Pengcheng Mo; Ninke Chen. Improved nonlinear cyclic stress-strain model for reinforcing bars including buckling effect and experimental verification. International Journal Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2016, 16(1): 16pp.
[24] Yuntian Wu, Tianqing Lan, Yan Xiao and Yeong-bin Yang. Macro-Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls: State-of-the-Art. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2016, Pages:1-27.
[25] Jianping Fu, Yuntian Wu and Yeong-bin Yang. Effect of reinforcement strength on seismic behavior of concrete moment frames. Earthquakes and Structures, 2015, 9(4): 699-716.
[26] Yuntian Wu, Yan Xiao, James C. Anderson. Seismic behavior of PC column and steel beam composite moment frame with post-tensioned connection. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 2009, 135(11): 1398-1407.
[27] Xian Li, Yan Xiao and Yuntian Wu. Seismic behavior of exterior connections with steel beams bolted to CFT columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2009, 65: 1438-1446.  
[28] Xian Li, Yuntian Wu, Weifeng Mao and Yurong Guo. Bolted end plate connections for steel reinforced concrete composite structures. Structural Engineering & Mechanics, 2006, 24(3): 291-306.
[29] Yuntian Wu, Xingjun Wang, Xiao Wang and Hao Huang. Experimental study on seismic behavior of steel column and steel plate RC composite wall coupled structure. Journal of Building Structures, 2022, 43(10): 151-159. (in Chinese)
[30] Wu Yuntian, Wang Xiao, Zhang Jie, Xu Jinjun. Experimental study on seismic behavior of coupled steel plate and concrete composite wall. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2021, 41(1): 44-52. (in Chinese)
[31] Yinhui Zhang, Hongfu Chen, Yuntian Wu, Tao Xu, Feng Xiong, Yuanyuan Yan. Study on shaking table test of precast concrete stair with sliding supports. Building Structures, 2020, 50(S1): 572-577. (in Chinese)
[32] Qin Lang, Wu Yuntian, Hou Chao, Zhu Kang, Zhou Qing. Plastic performance control method and pushover analysis of hybrid coupled shear wall based on energy principle. Journal of Dynamics and Control, 2020, 18(5): 1-12. (in Chinese)
[33] Zhao Yuanqing, Zhao Yiwei, Wu Yuntian, Zhu Nianhu, Yuan Qi. Experimental study on shear anchor bars of deformation joint in utility tunnel under cyclic loading. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2020, 53(9): 14-21. (in Chinese)
[34] Zhao Yuanqing, Yuan Qi, Wu Yuntian, Lin Xuebin, Zhao Yiwei. Experimental study of deformation joints on differential settlement resistance in utility tunnels. Special Structures, 2020, 37(2):  17-21. (in Chinese)
[35] Zhang Jun, Wu Yuntian, Yang Yeongbin, Wang Bin. Performance-based design method and pushover analysis on steel plate and concrete composite coupled shear walls. Progress in Steel Building Structures, 2020, 23(3): 12-22. (in Chinese)
[36] Wu Yuntian, Feng Yusheng, Yuan Qi, Lan Tianqing. IDA-based seismic collapse-resistant capacity of spatial moment frames supported by stepped foundation. Industrial Construction, 2019, 49(10): 99-104. (in Chinese)
[37] Wu Yuntian, Zhu Kang, Zhao Yiwei, Yang Long. Research on seismic behavior of steel plate composite coupling beams of couped shear wall. Industrial Construction, 2019, 49(8): 83-92. (in Chinese)
[38] Jie Liu, Yuntian Wu, Yongbin Yang, Jianmin Tu, Mingjie Zhou. Experimental study on seismic behavior of composite steel plate coupled wall system with bolt connection. Journal of Building Structures, 2018, 39(S1): 136-143. (in Chinese)
[39] Yuntian Wu, Qing Zhou, Yiting Su, Bin Wang. Seismic design method and experimental study of composite steel plate-concrete coupled shear wall systems. Journal of Building Structures, 2017, 38(S1): 58-65. (in Chinese)
[40] Wenpu Gong, Weizhong Liu and Yuntian Wu. Application of unmanned aerial vehicle construction quality supervision[J]. Chongqing Architecture. 2017, (03):19-21. (in Chinese)
[41] Wenpu Gong, Weizhong Liu and Yuntian Wu. Exploration on application of UAV in construction safety supervision[J]. Chongqing Architecture, 2017, (05):21-23. (in Chinese)
[42] Yuntian Wu, Yeong-Bin Yang, Wei Yang and Fengde Mei. Experimental study on seismic behavior of concrete composite shear walls with lightweight shaped steel truss. Journal of Building Structures, 2016, 37(5): 12-19. (in Chinese)
[43] Gelin Chen, Lidan Yang and Yuntian Wu. Research on installation and construction technology of self-supporting steel bar truss formwork[J]. Housing Science, 2016, (06), 53-56. (in Chinese)
[44] Gelin Chen and Yuntian Wu. Study progress and prospects of self-centering shear walls[J]. Chongqing Architecture, 2016, (05):53-58. (in Chinese)
[45] Yuntian Wu, Wei Yang, Tianqing Lan and Daoyang Kang. Seismic behavior of composite shear walls with internal steel truss based on MVLEM. Journal of Building Structures, 2015, 36(S1): 185-191. (in Chinese)
[46] Yuntian Wu, Zhongliang Zhou, Yan Xiao and Wei Yang. Experimental study on steel coupling beam and composite shear wall connection under simulated earthquake action. Journal of Building Structures, 2015, 36(9): 31-40. (in Chinese)
[47] Yuntian Wu, Zhongliang Zhou, Liren Li and Yan Li. Seismic behavior of low-rise high strength reinforced concrete wall with concealed steel truss[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2015, 36(6): 53-60. (in Chinese)
[48] Yuntian Wu, Kaixuan Jiang, Yeong-Bin Yang and Yingmin Li. Comparative study on performance-based seismic design of RC tall buildings beyond code limits in China and United States. Journal of Building Structures, 2015, 36(2): 19-26. (in Chinese)
[49] Yuntian Wu, Junjie Fu, Xin Li and Jianping Fu. Nonlinear dynamic response of frame structures reinforced with high strength reinforcements under different seismic fortification intensities. Journal of Building Structures, 2015, 36(S2): 84-91. (in Chinese)
[50] Yuntian Wu, Huan Tang, Xuebin Lin and Liren Li. Experimental study on seismic behavior of high strength concrete shear walls with embedded cold-formed and thin-walled steel truss. Journal of Building Structures, 2014, 35(11): 44-52. (in Chinese)
[51] Yuntian Wu, Xuebin Lin, Yingmin Li and Jun Han. Seismic collapse-resistant capacity of moment frames supported by stepped foundation in mountainous city. Journal of Building Structures, 2014, 35(10): 82-89. (in Chinese)
[52] Yuntian Wu, Chongmin Dai, Zhongliang Zhou and Kaixuan Jiang. Seismic behavior of shear dominant bolted endplate steel coupling beam of composite coupled shear wall. Journal of Building Structures, 2014, 35(4): 255-261. (in Chinese)
[53] Yuntian Wu, Zhongliang Zhou, Liren Li and Huan Tang. Study on seismic behavior of mid to high aspect ratio high strength reinforced concrete wall with concealed steel truss. Journal of Building Structures, 2014, 35(S1): 45-50. (in Chinese)
[54] Yuntian Wu, Chongmin Dai, Yan Xiao and Zhongliang Zhou. Seismic performance of bolted endplate steel coupling beams for coupled composite shear wall. Journal of Civil Engineering, 2014, 47(12): 39-48. (in Chinese)
[55] Fei He, Yushan Fu and Yuntian Wu. Numerical analysis seismic behavior for assembled steel beam and PC column composite moment frames based on OpenSees.[J]. Building Structure, 2014, 44: 466-469. (in Chinese)
[56] Dongchang Zheng, Qingyuan Zheng, Yuntian Wu and Qirui Cai. Design and optimization of structure broadband vibration absorber based on principle of energy recovery[J]. Earthquake engineering and engineering dynamics. 2014, 34:858-862. (in Chinese)
[57] Qi Zhang, Luo Ying, Qingyuan Wang, Peiwen Shen and Yuntian Wu. A new type composite structure—experimental research of composite beams with water supply steel pipe[J]. Sichuan Building Science. 2014, 40(4): 61-66. (in Chinese)
[58] Yuntian Wu, Kaixuan Jiang and Peng Ye. Performance-based seismic design of out-of-code high-rise RC buildings based on new codes[J]. Building Structure. 2014, 44(18): 48-51. (in Chinese)
[59] Yuntian Wu, Huan Tang, Fei He and Xiang Li. Steel structural design of the pre-heater tower of Lang Son Hong Phong cement plant in Vietnam[J]. Building Structure, 2014, 44(21): 47-50. (in Chinese)
[60] Yuntian Wu, Liang Ming, Yan Xiao and Mei Xue. Experimental study on seismic behavior of assembled steel beam-PC column composite frames[J]. Building Structure, 2013, 43: 66-71. (in Chinese)
[61] Yuntian Wu, Yi Pan, Bowen Chen and Siyu Hou. Behavior of axially loaded RC columns with buckling restrained longitudinal rebars[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(S1): 190-194. (in Chinese)
[62] Yuntian Wu, Yushan Fu, Yan Xiao and Tianqing Lan. Experimental study on seismic behavior of partially steel tube-confined RC member, Journal of Building Structures, 35(S1): 99-106. (in Chinese)
[63] Yuntian Wu, Yingmin Li, Liping Liu and Pu Yang. Earthquake-induced collapse prevention capacity of brick masonry  structures confined with tie columns and tie beams[J]. Industrial Construction, 2012, 42(3): 25-32. (in Chinese)
[64] Yuntian Wu, Yingmin Li, Wei Jiang and Yan Xiao. Seismic design of hospital structures in southern California based on CBC 2007. Building Structure, 2012, 42(12): 37-43. (in Chinese)
[65] Yuntian Wu, Yingmin Li,Pu Yang and Liping Liu. Comparative study on characteristics of structural system design courses in American universities[J]. Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning, 2012, 21(2): 33-36. (in Chinese)
[66] Yuntian Wu and Kaixuan Jiang. Experimental study on partially steel tube-confined RC column[J]. Building Structure, 2012, 42: 742-745. (in Chinese)
[67] Yingmin Li, Yuntian Wu, Pu Yang, Liping Liu. Application of course project method in teaching of seismic design of building structures[J]. Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning, 2012, 21(4): 94-96. (in Chinese)
[68] Yuntian Wu and Chongmin Dai. Systematic evaluation on seismic performance of super high rise reinforced concrete building structures[J]. Building Structure, 2012, 42: 284-288. (in Chinese)
[69] Yuntian Wu, Yingmin Li, Qi Zhang and Jia Fan. Seismic design of hybrid coupled walls in United States. Journal of Building Structures, 2011, 32(1): 137-144. (in Chinese)
[70] Weifeng Mao, Yuntian Wu, Yan Xiao, Anderson J.C. and Jianguo Nie. Experimental research on seismic behavior of bolted steel beam to RC column connections[J]. Industrial Construction, 2005, 35(11): 1-4. (in Chinese)
[71] Yan Xiao, Anderson J.C and Yuntian Wu. Development of bolted steel-concrete composite structures[J]. Progress in Steel Building Structures, 2005,7(2): 12-18. (in Chinese)
[72] Yan Xiao, Yuntian Wu, Shouping Shang, Henry W. Yun and A. Esmaeily. Experimental and analytical studies on full-scale high-strength concrete columns. Journal of Southeast University, 2002, 32(5): 746-749. (in Chinese)
[73] Yeong-Bin Yang, Hao Xu, Xiangqian. Mo, Zhilu Wang, Yuntian Wu. An effective procedure for extracting the first few bridge frequencies from a test vehicle. Acta Mechanica 232.3 (2021): 1227-1251.
[74] Hao Xu, C. C. Huang, Zhilu Wang, Kang Shi, Yuntian Wu. Damped test vehicle for scanning bridge frequencies: Theory, simulation and experiment. Journal of Sound and Vibration 506 (2021): 116155.
[75]. Y. B. Yang, B. Zhang, Y. Chen, Y. Qian, Y. T. Wu. Bridge damping identification by vehicle scanning method. Engineering Structures 183 (2019): 637-645.
[76] Yeong-Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Tianyi Wang, Hao Xu, Yuntian Wu. Two-axle test vehicle for bridges: Theory and applications. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 152 (2019): 51-62.
[77] Yeong-Bin Yang, Kang Shi, Zhilu Wang, Hao Xu, Bin Zhang, Yuntian Wu. Using a single-DOF test vehicle to simultaneously retrieve the first few frequencies and damping ratios of the bridge. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2021, 21(8): 35pp.
[78] Yeong-Bin Yang, Kang Shi, Zhilu Wang, Hao Xu, Yuntian Wu. Theoretical study on a dual-beam model for detection of track/bridge frequencies and track modulus by a moving vehicle. Engineering Structures, 2021, 244: 16pp.
[79] Yeong-Bin Yang, Shijie Liu, Wei Chen, Qian Tan, Yuntian Wu. Half-space response to trains moving along curved paths by 2.5 D finite/infinite element approach. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2021, 145: 17pp.
[80] Yeong-Bin Yang, Peilin Li, Wei Chen, Jie Li, Yuntian Wu. 2.5 D formulation and analysis of a half-space subjected to internal loads moving at sub-and super-critical speeds. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2021, 142: 18pp.
[81] Yeong-Bin Yang, Zhilu Wang, Kang Shi, Hao Xu, Xiangqian Mo, Yuntian Wu. Two-axle test vehicle for damage detection for railway tracks modeled as simply supported beams with elastic foundation. Engineering Structures, 2020, 219: 13pp.
[82] Yeong-Bin Yang, Zhilu Wang, Kang Shi, Hao Xu, Yuntian Wu. State-of-the-art of vehicle-based methods for detecting various properties of highway bridges and railway tracks. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2020, 20(13): 20pp.
[83] Yeong-Bin Yang, Pengbin Ge, Qiuming Li, Xujie Liang, Yuntian Wu. 2.5 D vibration of railway-side buildings mitigated by open or infilled trenches considering rail irregularity. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 106: 204-214.
[84] Xujie Liang, Yeong-Bin Yang, Pengbin Ge, Hsiao Hui Hung, Yuntian Wu. On computation of soil vibrations due to moving train loads by 2.5 D approach. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2017, 101: 204-208.
[85] Zhen-bang Ma, Yun-tian Wu, Jie Zhang, Hao-yuan Dong, Yeong-bin Yang. Seismic Performance of Coupled Steel Plate and Reinforced Concrete Composite Wall. Buildings, 2022,12, 2036.

Awards
[1] “Design and maintenance of underground utility tunnels in urban areas”, 3rd Grade Prize, Award for science and technology progress, Sichuan Province, 2022.
[2] “Key technologies research and application for vibration evaluation and control for existing industrial structures”, 1st Grade Prize, Award of Science and Technology, China Metallurgical Group Corporation, 2020.
[3] “Innovative technologies for disaster prevention and applications in structures”, 3rd Grade Prize, Award for science and technology progress, Chongqing Municipality, 2014.
[4] Teaching reform and practice for seismic design courses emphasizing engineering background and experimental capability, Teaching Achievement Award, 2nd Grade, Chongqing University, 2017.
[5] Curriculum development for structural courses aim to enhance system conceptualization and innovation capability, Teaching Achievement Award, 2nd Grade, Chongqing University, 2012.